TRANSFER OF PROPERTY ACT 1882 CHAPTER

Table of Contents

Transfer of Property Act 1882, Chapter 4 Mortgages Of Immovable Property And Charges

Transfer of Property Act, 1882 Chapter – 4, covered the Mortgages Of Immovable Property And Charges in sections 58 to 59 A.

SECTION – 58

“Mortgage”, “mortgagor”, “mortgagee”, “mortgage-money” and “mortgaged” defined.

(a) A mortgage is the transfer of an interest in specific immoveable property for the purpose of securing the payment of money advanced or to be advanced by way of loan, an existing or future debt, or the performance of an engagement which may give rise to a pecuniary liability.

The transferor is called a mortgagor,

the transferee a mortgagee;

The principal money and interest of which payment is secured for the time being are called the mortgage money, and

The instrument (if any) by which the transfer is effected is called a mortgage deed.

(b) Simple mortgage- Where, without delivering possession of the mortgaged property, the mortgagor binds himself personally to pay the mortgage-money, and agrees, expressly or impliedly, that, in the event of his failure to pay according to his contract, the mortgagee shall have a right to cause the mortgaged property to be sold and the proceeds of sale to be applied, so far as may be necessary, in payment of the mortgage-money, the transaction is called a simple mortgage and the mortgagee a simple mortgagee.

(c) Mortgage by the conditional sale –Where the mortgagor ostensibly sells the mortgaged property-

on condition that on default of payment of the mortgage money on a certain date the sale shall become absolute, or

on condition that on such payment being made the sale shall become void, or

on condition that on such payment being made the buyer shall transfer the property to the seller,

the transaction is called a mortgage by conditional sale and the mortgagee a mortgagee by conditional sale:

PROVIDED that no such transaction shall be deemed to be a mortgage unless the condition is embodied in the document which effects or purports to effect the sale.

(d) Usufructuary mortgage- Where the mortgagor delivers possession or expressly or by implication binds himself to deliver possession of the mortgaged property to the mortgagee, and authorizes him to retain such possession until payment of the mortgage-money, and to receive the rents and profits accruing from the property or any part of such rents and profits and to appropriate the same in lieu of interest or in payment of the mortgage-money, or partly in lieu of interest or partly in payment of the mortgage-money, the transaction is called a usufructuary mortgage and the mortgagee a usufructuary mortgagee.

(e) English mortgage- Where the mortgagor binds himself to repay the mortgage money on a certain date, and transfers the mortgaged property absolutely to the mortgagee, but subject to a proviso that he will re-transfer it to the mortgagor upon payment of the mortgage-money as agreed, the transaction is called an English mortgage.

(f) Mortgage by deposit of title-deeds- Where a person in any of the following towns, namely, the towns of Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay, and in any other city which the State Government concerned may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf, deliver to a creditor or his agent documents of title to immovable property, with intent to create a security thereon, the transaction is called a mortgage by deposit of title-deeds.

(g) Anomalous mortgage- A mortgage that is not a simple mortgage, a mortgage by conditional sale, a usufructuary mortgage, an English mortgage, or a mortgage by deposit of title deeds within the meaning of this section is called an anomalous mortgage.

SECTION – 59

Mortgage when to be by the assurance

Where the principal money secured is one hundred rupees or upwards, a mortgage other than a mortgage by deposit of title deeds can be effected only by a registered instrument signed by the mortgagor and attested by at least two witnesses.

Where the principal money secured is less than one hundred rupees, a mortgage may be effected either by a registered instrument signed and attested as aforesaid or (except in the case of a simple mortgage) by delivery of the property.

SECTION – 59A

References to mortgagors and mortgagees to include persons deriving title from them

Unless otherwise expressly provided, references in this Chapter to mortgagors and mortgagees shall be deemed to include references to persons deriving title from them respectively.