July 2023

FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES – PART4A OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION

INTRODUCTION The Fundamental Duties are dealt with in Article 51A under Part-IV A of the Indian Constitution. The fundamental duties which were added by the 42nd Amendment Act of the Constitution in 1976, in addition to creating and promoting culture, also strengthen the hands of the legislature in enforcing these duties vis-a-vis the fundamental rights. 11

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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN JUDICIAL CUSTODY AND POLICE CUSTODY

Introduction First, we know that “custody” and “arrest” are not synonymous. It is true that in every arrest there is custody but vice versa is not valid. The word ‘custody’ means apprehending someone for protective care. The mere utterance of words or gestures or flickering of eyes does not amount to arrest. Actual seizure or

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